அடிப்படை உரிமை

                         Fundamental Rights 

• ,e;jpa murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk; gFjp (III) 12y; ,Ue;J 35 tiuAs;s rl;lg;gpupTfs; mbg;gil cupikfs; gw;wp $Wfpd;wd.
• murpayikg;ig cUthf;fpatu;fs; ,e;j mbg;gil cupikfis mnkupf;f If;fpa ehLfspd; murpayikg;gpYs;s mbg;gil cupikfspd; jhf;fj;jhy; cUthf;fpdhu;fs;.
• Kjypy; ,e;jpa murpayikg;G VO mbg;gil cupikfis toq;fpaJ.
• Mdhy; jw;NghJ MW mbg;gil cupikfs; kl;LNk cs;sd.
• ,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd; gFjp (III) ‘,e;jpahtpd; kfhrhrdk;’ vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
• ,e;jpahtpy; trpf;Fk; kf;fs; midtUf;Fk; mbg;gil cupikfs; nghJthdJ. Mdhy; ,e;jpa Fbkf;fSf;F kl;LNkahd rpy mbg;gil cupikfSk; cs;sd.

mbg;gil cupikfis epWj;jp itj;jy;

• ,e;jpa murpayikg;Gr; rl;lg;gpupT 352d; fPo; FbauRj; jiytuhy; mtruepiy mwptpf;fg;gLk; nghOJ> ,e;jpa murpayikg;Gr; rl;lg;gpupT 19d; fPo; cj;jputhjk; mspf;fg;gl;l Rje;jpuk; jhkhfNt epWj;jg;gLfpwJ.
• kw;w mbg;gil cupikfisAk; FbauRj; jiytu; rpy Fwpg;gpl;l Mizfisg; gpwg;gpg;gjpd; %yk; jil nra;ayhk;.
• FbauRj; jiytupd; ,e;j Mizfs; ehlhSkd;wj;jhy; fl;lhak; mq;fPfupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
• Mdhy; ve;j R+o;epiyapYk;> FbauRj;jiytuhy; ,e;jpa murpayikg;Gr; rl;lg;gpupT 20 kw;Wk; 21d; fPo; toq;fg;gl;l cupikfs; (Fw;wq;fs; kw;Wk; jz;lidfspypUe;J ghJfhg;G> tho;f;if kw;Wk; jdpegu; Rje;jpuk; ghJfhg;G) jilnra;a KbahJ.
• Xu; muR rl;lj;ij ,aw;Wk; NghJ ,e;j nfhs;iffisAk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sNtz;baJ Kf;fpa  flikahFk;.
• rKjha eyid kf;fSf;Fj; jUtNj ,jd;  Nehf;fkhFk;.
• ,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd; ‘GJikahd rpwg;gk;rk;’ vd Dr. B.R.mk;Ngj;fu; ,jid tptupf;fpwhu;.
• ,J gFjp 3 y; mike;Js;sJ. gphpT 12 Kjy; 35 tiu mbg;gil chpikfs; gw;wpf; $WfpwJ.
• mbg;gil chpikfs; kPWk;nghOJ ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F vLj;Jr; nry;yyhk;.
• mbg;gil chpikfs; murpayikg;gpd; J}z;fs; Nghd;wJ vd;W $wpath; – mk;Ngj;fhh;.
• ,J eilKiwf;F tUk;nghOJ 7 chpikfis ngw;wpUe;jJ. jw;nghOJ nrhj;Jhpik (44tJ rl;ljpUj;jk;> 1978) ePf;fg;gl;L MW chpikfis nfhz;Ls;sJ.
• ruj;J 300A-,d; fPo; rhjhuz rl;l chpikahf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

 

ruj;J (12): muR vd;gjid tpsf;FfpwJ. ,jd;gb muR vd;gJ

• ,e;jpa murhq;fk; kw;Wk; ghuhSkd;wk;
• khepy murhq;fk; kw;Wk; rl;lkd;wk;
• ,e;jpa vy;iyf;Fs; cs;s midj;J cs;Sh; mikg;Gfs;
• ,e;jpa murhq;fj;jpd; fl;Lg;ghl;bw;Fs; cs;s midj;J mjpfhu mikg;Gfs;.

ruj;J (13):

• mbg;gil chpikfSf;F Kuzhf cs;s rl;lq;fs; midj;Jk;
• ,y;yhj epiynad ,g;gphptpd; %yk; gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
• mjhtJ cah;ePjpkd;wq;fs; kw;Wk; cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpy; ePjpg;Gduha;T
• nra;tjw;F tifnra;fpwJ.

1. rkj;Jt chpik (ruj;J 14 Kjy; 18 tiu):

 ruj;J (14):

• rl;lj;jpd; Kd; rkj;Jtk;. rl;lNk Kjd;ikahdJ xUtd; ve;j epiyapy; ,Ue;jhYk; rl;lj;jpw;F Nkw;gl;ltdy;y. ,J ,q;fpyhe;jpypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ.
• rl;lj;jpd; rkghJfhg;G mnkhpf;fhtpypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ. xNu khjphpahd #o;epiyapy; midtiuAk; xNu khjphpahf ele;j Ntz;Lk;.
• rpwg;G chpikfs; toq;FtJ ,U NtWgl;l mikg;GfspilNa ,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy; xNu mikg;Gf;Fs; ,Uf;ff; $lhJ
• ruj;J (15): rhjp> rka> ,d> ghy; gpwg;G NtWghLfs; fhl;lj; jil.
• ruj;J (16): Ntiytha;g;Gfspy; midtUk; rk chpik.
• ruj;J (16.4): muR Ntiyfspy; jho;j;jg;gl;l> goq;Fbapd> rpWghd;ikapdUf;F Kd;Dhpik.
• ruj;J (17): jPz;lhik xopg;G – jPz;lhikr; rl;lk; (1955)> gpd;dh; ,JNt rptpy; chpikfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rl;k; (1976) vd khw;wg;gl;lJ.
• ruj;J (18): gl;lq;fs; xopg;G (Mq;fpNyah; je;j gl;lq;fs; xopg;G> ,e;jpa murhy; toq;fg;gLk; gj;k=> gj;kG+rd; Nghd;w gl;lq;fSk;> ,uhZt gl;lq;fshd guk;tPh; rf;uh Nghd;w gl;lq;fs; ,Uf;fyhk;)

 

2. சுதந்திர உரிமை

• ruj;J (19, 19(i), 19(ii)):

Ngr;R kw;Wk; fUj;Jhpik> MAjkpd;wp $Lk; chpik> rq;fk; mikf;Fk; chpik> ,e;jpahtpy; vq;Fk; nry;y chpik> ,e;jpahtpy; vq;Fk; trpf;f chpik> ve;jj; njhopiyAk; nra;a chpik> $l;LwT rq;fk; mikf;Fk; chpik Mfpad. jw;NghJ jdpkdpj Rje;jpu chpikfs; 6 tifahf cs;sJ

• ruj;J (20): Fw;wq;fSf;F jz;lid mspg;gjpypUe;J ghJfhg;G toq;FfpwJ.
• ruj;J 20 (1): Kd;NkT rl;lq;fis ,aw;wj; jil. ,t;thrfk;> gpd;dh; ,aw;wg;gLk; rl;lj;jpd; Kd; NkTj;jd;ik gw;wpaJ. xU nray; Fw;wnkd jz;bf;ff;$ba njd;why; mg;NghJ nraypYs;s rl;lj;ij kPwpdhy; md;wp jz;bf;fg;gl $lhJ.
• ruj;J 20 (2): ,ul;il ,lh;ghL (Double Jeopardy): xNu Fw;wj;jpw;fhf xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l Kiw jz;bf;f$lhJ.
• ruj;J 20 (3): jd;nrayhy; jhNd Fw;wr;rhl;bw;F cl;gLj;Yf;fhd jil.
• ruj;J (21): caph; tho;jy; kw;Wk; jdpegh; Rje;jpuk;.
• ruj;J 20 kw;Wk; 21 y; cs;sitfis mtru epiyapd; NghJk;$l gphpT 359d; gb xh; Miz %yk; ,e;jp chpikfis epWj;jp itf;f KbahJ
• ruj;J (21A): 6 Kjy; 14 tiu cs;s Foe;ijfSf;F ,ytr fl;lha fy;tp toq;Fjy; (86 tJ rl;lj;jpUj;jpd;gb)
• ruj;J (22): ifJ nra;J fhtypy; itj;jpypUe;J ghJfhg;G.
• xUthplk; ifJf;fhd fhuzq;fis njhptpf;fNtz;Lk;.
• mtUila tof;fwpQhpld; fye;jhNyhrpf;f mDkjpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
• 24 kzp Neuj;jpw;Fs; mUfpYs;s Fw;w eLthplk; Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;

 

3. Ruz;lYf;F vhpjhd chpik (ruj;J 23 Kjy; 24 tiu):

• ruj;J (23): Ruz;lYf;nfjpuhd ghJfhg;G. rl;ltpNuhjkhf kdpjh;fis tpahghuk; nra;tjpypUe;J ghJfhg;G mspf;fpwJ.
• ruj;J (24): 14 taJf;Fl;gl;l rpWth;fis njhopw;rhiyfspNyh> Ruq;fq;fspNyh> gpw mghafukhd njhopy;fspNyh Ntiyf;F mkh;j;Jtij jil nra;fpwJ.

  

4. rka Rje;jpu chpik (ruj;J 25 Kjy; 28 tiu):

• ruj;J (25): ahUk; ve;j kjj;ijAk; Rje;jpukhf Vw;fTk;> gpd;gw;wTk; gug;GTk; chpik.
• ruj;J (26): vy;yh rkaj;jtUk; rka kw;Wk; mwepiya mikg;Gfis mikj;J mtw;iw eph;tfpj;Jf; nfhs;s chpik
• ruj;J (27): kjj;jpid Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;F thpnrYj;JtjpypUe;J chpik.
• ruj;J (28): Kw;wpYk; murhq;f epjpapy; nray;gLk; fy;yp epWtdq;fspy; rka Nghjid $lhJ vd;W $WfpwJ.

 

5. fy;tp kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu chpik

• (ruj;J 29 Kjy; 31 tiu):
• ruj;J (29): rpWghd;ikapdh; eyd; fhj;jy;> jk;Kila nkhop> gz;ghL vOj;J Mfpatw;iw Ngzpf;fhj;jy;.
• ruj;J (30): rpWghd;ikapdh; fy;tp epWtdq;fs; Vw;gLj;jp eph;tfpf;fTk; chpikaspf;fpwJ.
• ruj;J (31): nrhj;Jhpikia 44tJ rl;lj;jpUj;jpd; %yk; 1978 Mk; Mz;L ePf;fg;gl;L gphpT 300A f;F khw;wg;gl;lJ. jw;NghJ ,J rl;l chpikahFk;.

6. murpayikg;gpd; gb jPh;T fhZk;

• chpik (ruj;J 32):
• ruj;J (32): murpayikg;gpd; 3 tJ gFjpapy; $wg;gl;Ls;s mbg;gil chpikfs; kPwg;gLk;nghOJ cr;r ePjpkd;wk; ePjpg;Nguhiz ntspapl mjpfhuk; gilj;Js;sJ.
• ,J murpayikg;gpd; ,jaKk; Md;khtk; Nghd;wJ vd;fpwhh; mk;Ngj;fhh;.
• ,J Ie;J Nguhizfis toq;FfpwJ.

1. N`g;gpa]; fhh;g]; – (Ml;nfhzh; ePjpg;Nguhiz)

• N`gpa]; fhh;g]; vd;w ,yj;jPd; nrhy;ypd; nghUshdJ xUtuJ cliy nfhz;L tUf ,J xUtiu fhtypy; itj;jpUg;Nghiu ePjpkdw; Kd; mtiu Kd; epWj;JkhW MizapLtjhfk;.
• ,J murhq;f mjpfhhpfs; kw;Wk; jdpegUf;F vjpuhfTk; toq;fg;gLk; ePjpg;Nguhiz.

 

2. khz;lk]; – (nraYWj;Jk; ePjpg;Nguhiz)

• khz;lk]; vd;w nrhy;ypw;F fl;lis vd;gjhFk;.
• ePjpkd;wk; xU nghJ mjpfhuf; FOtpw;F vjpuhf mJ nra;af;$ba nghJf; flikia Mw;WkhW $wp ,lg;gLk; fl;lisahFk;.
• ,J jdpg;gl;l xUtUf;fh vjpuhf gpwg;gpf;fg;gLtjy;y.

3. GNuh`pgprd; – (jilAj;Jk; ePjpg;Nguhiz)

• ,g;Nguhiz fPo;epiy ePjpkd;wq;fs; mjpfhu tuk;G ,y;yhky; nray;gLk;NghJ my;yJ mjpfhu tuk;ig kPwp nray;gLk;NghJ mijf; jLf;Fk; Nehf;fk; nfhz;lJ.
• cah;epiy ePjpkd;wj;jhy; fPo;epiy ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F my;yJ jPh;g;ghaj;jpw;F mjd; mjpfhujijf; jLf;Fk; Nehf;fj;Jld; gpwf;fg;gLk;.
• ,e;ePjpg; Nguhiz ePjp Kiwapyhd my;yJ ePjpKiwg; Nghy; eilKiw vjpuhf kl;LNk gpwg;gpf;fg;gLk;.

4. nrh;rpNahiua; – (newpKiwg;gLj;Jk; ePjpg;Nguhiz)

• fPo;epiy ePjpkd;wq;fs; kw;Wk; jPh;g;ghaq;fs; rl;lj;jpkdhy; mjw;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s mjpfhutuk;gpw;Fs; jkJ mjpfhuj;ij nrYj;Jfpwjh vd;gijf; fhzTk; kw;W;k; mjd; mjpfhuj;ij kPwp nray;gLtijj; jLj;J mjd; eltbf;iffis mtw;wpy; ,Ue;J ePf;fp jd; Kd; nfhz;L tUk; fPo;ePjp kd;wq;fspd; jPh;g;ig ePf;fTk; nra;aTk;

5. Nfhtuhz;Nlh – (jFjpKiw tpdTk; ePjpg;Nguhiz)

• xU nghJg;gjtpiaf; nfhz;bUg;gth; chpa jFjpAk; chpikAk; nfhz;Ls;suh vd;gijj; jPh;khdpf;f ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F topahf nra;Ak; ePjpg;Nguhiz.
• ,yj;jpd; nrhy;ypd; nghUs; ckJ mjpfhuk; ahJ vd;gjhFk;.
• xU gjtpia tfpg;gtiu ve;j mjpfhuj;jpd; fPo; gjtp tfpf;fpwhh; vd;gij tpdTfpwJ.

gFjp III–f;F ntspNaahd chpikfs;

• gFjp III–y; cs;s chpikfSld; murpayikg;gpd; kw;w rpy chpikfs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
• ,t;Thpikfs; murpayikg;G chpikfs; my;yJ rl;l G+h;tkhd chpikfs; my;yJ mbg;gil chpikfs; my;yhjit mitfs;

 

gFjp XII-y; ruj;J 261

• rl;lG+h;tky;yhj topfspy; thpia tpjpj;jy; my;yJ t#ypj;jy; MfhJ

gFjp XII–y; ruj;J 300A

• rl;lj;jpd; topapy;yhky; vthplkpUe;Jk; nrhj;J gwpf;fg;gLjy; MfhJ.

gFjp XV-y; ruj;J 326

• kf;fsitf;Fk;> khepyq;fspd; rl;lkd;w NguitfSf;Fkhd Njh;jy;fs; taJte;NjhUf;F thf;Fhpik vd;w mbg;gilapy; ,Uf;Fk;.
• NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l chpikfSf;F ePjpkd;wk; %yk; rkkhd jPh;T fhz KbAk;. vdpDk; ,it mbg;gil chpikfspypUe;J khWgl;lit.
• mbg;gil chpikfs; kPwg;gl;lhy;> ghjpf;fg;gl;l egh; ruj;J 32d; fPo; Neubahf cr;rePjpkd;wj;ij mZf KbAk;.
• ,JTk; mbg;gil chpikahFk; Mdhy; mbg;gil chpikfs; kPwg;gl;lhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l egh; ,t;turpayikg;G jPh;tpid gad;gLj;j KbahJ.
• mth; rhjhuz tof;F my;yJ ruj;J 226 d; cah;ePjpkd;wj;ij mZf KbAk;.